Sterile draping of robotic arms

ABSTRACT

A drape covers robotic equipment in a medical environment to maintain sterility. The robotic equipment has an arm with an end surface which attaches to a tool, such as an active end effector. The drape has an extended drape portion that covers the arm, and a shaped drape portion that covers the end of the arm where the arm is clamped to the tool. The drape is clamped inside the clamp, and where the clamping occurs, the drape has a band of material that is reinforced by being thickened or by including a different material. The shape of the band corresponds to the portion of the arm that is clamped by the clamp.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to draping robotic arms for sterility in an operating theatre, and more particularly to protecting a drape that is clamped within the robotic arm from becoming torn.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Position recognition systems are used to determine the position of and track a particular object in 3-dimensions (3D). In robot assisted surgeries, for example, certain objects, such as surgical instruments, need to be tracked with a high degree of precision as the instrument is being positioned and moved by a robot or by a physician, for example.

With either active or passive tracking sensors, the system geometrically resolves the 3-dimensional position of active and/or passive sensors based on information from or with respect to one or more of the infrared cameras, digital signals, known locations of the active or passive sensors, distance, the time it took to receive the responsive signals, other known variables, or a combination thereof.

In order to accomplish this, power transfer and data communications must be carried out between a robotics base station locator (GPS), and a replaceable end effector tool. However, a surgical drape must be interposed between the base and a tool, precluding a direct electrical connection.

To transfer power and enable one-way data transfer, the ExcelsiusGPS system, for example, uses a pair of wireless charging coils, one being positioned in a moveable arm attached to the base, and the other in the tool. Power is transferred by induction through both the drape material and an air gap from the arm to the tool. Data signals are sent from the tool to the base by changing the load placed upon the coils during power transfer for predetermined time periods. The specific time period of change is observed by the base and correlated to a particular command or status.

To maintain a sterile field in the operating room, to avoid a requirement of sterilizing an entire robotics device, a drape is pulled over the robotic arm and is pulled against the palm assembly. A clamp that is attached to an active end effector is clamped onto the arm, with the drape trapped in the clamp. Movement of the arm and pulling on the drape after clamping increases the tension on the drape, particularly at the point of clamping, to an extent where the drape is susceptible to being torn. Clamping the drape also creates stress concentrations, and the drape may become tom though repeated clamping, particularly when large forces are transmitted through the drape within the clamp interface.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In an embodiment of the disclosure, a drape for covering robotic equipment in a medical environment, the robotic equipment having an arm and an arm portion with an end surface and a tool which attaches to the arm portion with a clamp, the drape comprises an extended drape portion of a first material sized to cover the arm; and a shaped drape portion sized to cover the arm end surface, the shaped drape portion defined by a band of second material that is reinforced relative to the first material, the band shaped to correspond to the portion of the arm that is clamped by the clamp; whereby the clamp clamps the band when the clamp clamps the arm portion to the tool.

In variations thereof, the second material is reinforced by being the same type of material as the first material, and which is thicker than the first material; the second material is reinforced by being a different type of material that is more resistant to physical deformation than the first material; the band has at least one indexing region that is shaped to mate with an indexing region of the clamp; the second material is a dielectric material; the band is a thermoplastic polyurethane; and/or the band includes a first band portion sized to be pressed by the clamp during clamping, and a second band portion extending away from the first portion to thereby provide strain relief at a transition from the shaped drape portion to the extended drape portion.

In further variations thereof, the second band portion is tapered; the shaped drape portion is formed separately from the extended drape portion and affixed to the extended drape portion; and/or the clamp is a v-band type, the arm portion including a flange squeezed by a v-band of the v-band clamp, the band having a loop shape sized to cover the squeezed portion of the flange; the arm portion includes a flange squeezed by the clamp, the flange having the band having a loop shape sized to cover the squeezed portion of the flange

In other variations thereof, the drape further includes a plurality of electrically conductive contacts within the shaped drape portion, the electrically conductive contacts operative to conduct electricity from a first side of the shaped drape portion to a second side of the shaped drape portion opposite to the first side; the electrically conductive contacts are integrally formed within the second material by 3D printing; the drape further includes a plurality of capacitive plates affixed to, positioned within, and on a first side of the shaped drape portion; and/or the shaped drape portion including electrically conductive contacts.

In accordance with another embodiment of the disclosure, a drape for covering robotic equipment in a medical environment, the robotic equipment having an arm and an arm portion with an end surface with a flange having an indexing shape and a tool which attaches to the arm portion with a clamp, the clamp including an indexing shape corresponding to the indexing shape of the flange, the drape comprises an extended drape portion of a first material sized to cover the arm; and a shaped drape portion sized to cover the arm end surface, the shaped drape portion defined by a band of second material that is at least one of thicker than the first material and including a different material than the first material whereby the second material is reinforced relative to the first material, the band shaped to correspond to the flange and having an indexing shape which corresponds to the indexing shape of the flange; whereby the clamp clamps the band when the clamp clamps the arm portion to the tool.

In a variation thereof, the drape further includes a plurality of electrically conductive contacts within the shaped drape portion, the electrically conductive contacts operative to conduct electricity from a first side of the shaped drape portion to a second side of the shaped drape portion opposite to the first side.

Further in accordance with the disclosure, a method of draping robotic equipment in a medical environment for sterility, the robotic equipment having an arm and an arm portion with an end surface and a tool which attaches to the arm portion with a clamp, comprises providing a drape having: an extended drape portion of a first material sized to cover the arm; and a shaped drape portion sized to cover the arm end surface, the shaped drape portion defined by a band of second material that is reinforced relative to the first material, the band shaped to correspond to the portion of the arm that is clamped by the clamp; whereby the clamp clamps the band when the clamp clamps the arm portion to the tool.

In variations thereof, the method further includes providing an intermediate coupling which is sized and dimensioned on a first end to be clampable to the arm with the drape passing between the intermediate coupling and the arm, the intermediate coupling having a second end sized and dimensioned to be clampable to the tool; whereby the tool can be attached to the robotic equipment without a requirement of unclamping the drape; and/or the clamp has an indexing region, the band having an indexing region corresponding to the indexing region of the clamp.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the disclosure, and the attendant advantages and features thereof, will be more readily understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 depicts a robotics system, including an arm/palm unit, a clamp, and a tool/AEE;

FIG. 2 depicts the robotics system of FIG. 1 where components are separated;

FIG. 3 depicts the robotics system of FIG. 1 , the arm covered by a PRIOR ART drape;

FIG. 4 depicts the robotics system and drape of FIG. 3 , the clamp and tool assembled over the drape;

FIG. 5 depicts the clamp of FIG. 1 , separated from the tool, and in an opened configuration;

FIG. 6 depicts a robotics arm covered by a drape of the disclosure, the drape including a reinforcing band;

FIG. 7 depicts the robotics arm and drape of FIG. 6 , capacitive plates of the disclosure positioned upon the arm and visible through a portion of the drape inside of the band;

FIG. 8 depicts the drape of FIG. 6 , removed from the arm;

FIG. 9 depicts the drape and arm of FIG. 6 , with capacitive plates shown in cross-section, and further depicting an intermediate coupling interposed between the arm and a tool;

FIG. 10 depicts a pattern of capacitive plates in accordance with the disclosure;

FIG. 11 depicts an alternative pattern of capacitive plates in accordance with the disclosure, and an indexing shape;

FIG. 12 depicts a further alternative pattern of capacitive plates in accordance with the disclosure, and indexing elements;

FIG. 13 depicts a robotic arm of the disclosure including a cross-section of electrical contacts, and a drape of the disclosure including a reinforced band and electrical contacts which pass through the drape and mate with electrical contacts of the arm;

FIG. 14 depicts the drape of FIG. 13 , with contacts which are integrated into the drape, the dashed line indicating a replaceable portion of a drape;

FIG. 15 depicts the drape of FIG. 13 , with contacts which are positioned on one side of the drape;

FIG. 16 depicts a tool and an arm of the disclosure, each having an attached mating flange, the tool and arm each having capacitive plates which are disposed on opposite sides of a drape of the disclosure when the flanges are mated and affixed with a clamp;

FIG. 17 depicts a tool of the disclosure attached to an intermediate coupling of the disclosure having an electrical socket, the tool have an electrical plug, the intermediate coupling including an outlet socket, and further depicting a drape of the disclosure interposed between an arm and the intermediate coupling; and

FIGS. 18-20 depicts a clamp of the disclosure including a plurality of capacitive plates.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As required, detailed embodiments are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples and that the systems and methods described below can be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present subject matter in virtually any appropriately detailed structure and function. Further, the terms and phrases used herein are not intended to be limiting, but rather, to provide an understandable description of the concepts.

The terms “a” or “an”, as used herein, are defined as one or more than one. The term plurality, as used herein, is defined as two or more than two. The term another, as used herein, is defined as at least a second or more. The terms “including” and “having,” as used herein, are defined as comprising (i.e., open language). Headings are provided for the convenience of the reader, and are not intended to be limiting in any way.

A problem with prior art surgical drapes when covering robotic devices is that power transfer and communication must be accomplished through the drape in order to maintain a sterile field. However, a direct electrical connection is the most efficient type of connection for power transfer and communication, and this is not possible with a prior art drape. The disclosure provides solutions which maintain sterility while also providing efficient power transfer and communication data exchange between a draped robotics base (e.g. GPS) and an attached tool (e.g. an active end effector) of a robotic device.

With reference to FIGS. 1-4 , a robotic surgical aid system 200, such as the ExcelsiusGPS, includes a connection between a “GPS” arm or other type of robotic arm 202 and an active end-effector (“AEE”) tool 208, where arm 202 is draped for sterility during surgical procedures. In particular, a sterile drape 212 is placed around and over the end of the arm before tool 208 is attached to arm 202. Tool 208 is secured to arm 202 with a clamp 204, such as a V-band clamp as shown, clamp 204 passing over and squeezing together mating flanges 206, 210 of arm 202 and tool 208. During clamping, drape 212 is also clamped because it drapes over flange 206 of arm 202. With reference to FIGS. 3-4 , depicting a prior art drape, it may be seen that as a result of clamping, drape 212 is forcefully pinched. This can lead to prior art drapes 212 becoming worn or torn though repeated clamping, which can result in increased microbial exposure to the patient, and which requires replacement of the drape.

More particularly, as can be seen in FIGS. 3-4 , drape 212 is pulled over arm 202 and is pulled against the palm assembly, or end face 214 of arm 202. With no end-effector 208 attached, drape 212 can slide or shift with respect to arm 202, and there is a low probability of shear or tensile forces tearing drape 212. With tool 208 attached, as in FIG. 4 , some of drape 212 will be locked in place by the clamping force of clamp 204. Movement of the arm and pulling on drape 212 after clamping increases the tension on the drape, particularly at the point of clamping, to an extent where the drape is susceptible to being torn. Clamping drape 212 also creates stress concentrations, and the drape may become tom though repeated clamping, particularly when large forces are transmitted through the drape within the clamp interface. The disclosure provides a drape 102 which addresses these and other problems.

Drape

With reference to FIGS. 6-16 , a device 100 in accordance with the disclosure includes a drape 102, which fulfills the functions of drape 212, and which is provided with a band 104 which is one or more of thickened, replaced with an alternative material, or reinforced by being supplemented with additional material which can be the same or different from the material of a remainder of the drape 102. Reinforcement may alternatively be provided by band 104 being thicker or by being fabricated with an additional material, with the result that band 104 is more resistant than a remainder of drape 102 to abrasion, tearing, crushing, bunching, skewing, stretching, or other physical deformation as a result of being under a clamping portion 224 of clamp 104 while clamp 104 is closed or clamped. Band 104 is provided to prevent tearing or other damage to drape 102 in the area of clamping, which could adversely affect an ability of a drape to maintain a sterile field. A remainder of drape 102, which is not subject to clamping forces, can be relatively thinner, weaker, less expensive, and/or easier to manufacture than band 104, while still able to maintain sterility without a need for strengthening or reinforcement.

Band 104 is defined in shape and size by an area of drape 102 which would pass between clamp 204 and flange 206 of arm 202, whether the clamp is a V-band clamp as shown in the figures, or some other clamp style. Band 104 can be larger than the clamping area to provide additional strain relief. The extended or larger portion can be tapered for more effective strain relief. Band 104 reduces the possibility of chafing, tearing, and wear of drape 102 in the area of the clamp, particularly during movements of arm 202 and tool 208 during a surgical procedure, or if drape 102 is pulled.

As shown in FIG. 8 , it may be seen that drape 102 defines a general draping portion 106 which extends away from band 104 to cover arm 202 and other components, and a coupling region 114 which extends away from and inside band 104 to cover end face 214 of arm 202, which in the example shown is a palm assembly. Coupling region 114 therefore lies between arm 202 and tool 208, in use. As detailed elsewhere herein, it can be advantageous for drape 102 to be thin in coupling region 114. FIG. 7 depicts drape 102 positioned over end face 214. As drape 102 can be transparent, as depicted in FIG. 6 , end face 214 and conductive plates 116 can be visible through drape 102.

It is important that material of band 104 be both durable and sufficiently thin to allow tool 208 to properly clamp and without resulting in extra space that could possibly introduce play between the palm/arm 202 and tool 208.

Band 104 can be formed by adding material to one or both sides of drape 102. The additional material can be highly resistant to abrasion, or can be partially abraded, while still protecting the underlying or inner layer of drape material. Band 104 can be formed with a resilient material which can absorb and distribute clamping force. A resilient material additionally has the advantage of providing strain relief if extending outside of the clamped area in either or both directions. Alternatively, a relatively hard or non-resilient material can be used, such as a metallic foil, as the abrasion from clamping would be applied to the hard material, and not the underlying drape. The hard material can be thin, particularly where it extends outside of the clamped area, in order to retain some of the properties of a resilient material with respect to strain relief.

Band 104 can alternatively be inserted into a cut out region of drape 102, whereby an interior panel is attached to one side of band 104 to cover end face 214, and an exterior panel extends away from band 104 to cover arm 202. The interior and exterior panels can be attached to band 104 by any known means, including adhesion, ultrasonic welding, crimping, or clamping, as examples.

In an embodiment, drape 102 is molded or otherwise formed to have band 104 in a predetermined location. Band 104 can additionally or alternatively be formed by welding, adhering, bonding, or otherwise affixing a reinforcing material, such as an abrasion or crush resistant material, over one or both sides of, or throughout, an area of drape 102 which is positioned upon drape 102 to cover end face 214 of arm 202 when drape 102 is in use, or to cover the portion of drape 102 which will lie within the clamped area of the clamp. The method of affixing should not result in openings in drape 102 which could compromise the sterile field properties of drape 102. The reinforcing material can be any material that can bond to, attach to, or be formed from the material of draping portion 106 and coupling region 114, e.g. the material of drape 102 generally, and which is compatible with any other requirements of the operating theatre. Examples include a plastic material, for example a thermoplastic elastomer or thermoplastic polyurethane, a rubber or rubberized material, such as vulcanized rubber, polyvinylchloride (PVC), as non-limiting examples. While the material of band 104 can be resilient, it can be more rigid than material of drape 102, which helps to prevent bunching, crumpling, or other deformation of band 104 during clamping, which could lead to tearing. If drape 102 is to function in a capacitive conduction configuration, as described herein, a selection of material is additionally influenced by a desired dielectric constant of the material.

The material for band 104 is advantageously sterilizable using ethylene oxide (EtO) or gamma radiation. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been noted to have no significant negative effects from sterilization with EtO. It should be considered that some materials can become brittle when exposed to gamma radiation, in which case a material which is sterilizable in both manners is advantageous.

FIGS. 6-9 illustrate band 104 formed as a reinforced band 104 wrapping around flange 206. In this manner, clamping force is only applied to the band 104, and not to the rest of the drape material 106. When clamped, there is no relative motion between arm 202, tool 208, band 104, and a GPS portion of the robotics system. Clamping additionally enforces alignment and contact of any power transfer elements in the area of band 104, as discussed in greater detail elsewhere herein.

With reference to FIG. 11 , flange 206 can be provided with a periphery that is non-uniform in shape, and which has indexing elements 218, for example flattened sides on an otherwise circular peripheral shape, as can be seen in FIG. 2 . This can be used to guide indexing or relative alignment between arm 202 and clamp 204. In the embodiment shown, clamp 204 is affixed to tool 208 by bolts or other fastener, resulting in appropriate indexing of clamp 204 relative to tool 208. However, where tool 208 is provided as a separate part, it can be provided with a flange having an indexing element 218. Clamp 204 has internal surfaces which mate with indexing element 218, whereby clamping cannot be accomplished until a proper orientation of flange 206 and clamp 204 is attained. During clamping, further alignment and indexing is carried out as a clamping force is applied to the clamped parts.

Accordingly, with reference to FIGS. 11-12 , band 104 can be provided with a shape which includes indexing elements 108 which correspond to mating indexing elements 218 of flange 206. In this manner, band 104 can only be inserted over flange 206 in the correct orientation. FIG. 12 depicts an alternative indexing element 108, 218 shape, although other shapes are possible.

Herein, in embodiments where clamp 204 is affixed to tool 208, a portion of tool 208 can extend through or into an opening 222 (FIG. 2 ) in clamp 204, which portion includes electrical contacts or conductive plates 218. Alternatively, contacts or conductive plates 218 can be affixed to clamp 204 (FIGS. 17-19 ), and wires (not shown) can extend from these into tool 208.

FIG. 20 illustrates an alternative method of indexing arm 202 and clamp 104/tool 208 in accordance with the disclosure. An indexing element 218A has the form of several raised shapes on a plate within clamp 204. Alternatively, the raised shapes can be provided on an endplate of flange 210 of tool 208, where tool 208 is not affixed to clamp 204. Mating depressions (not shown) can be formed in end face 214 of arm 202. The indexing elements can be placed in an irregular pattern enforcing a unique alignment of arm 202 and tool 208.

To affix drape 102 to the robot, the user first places band 104 area over flange 106 at end face 214 at the end of the GPS arm 202. If flange 106 and band 104 have indexing elements 218, 108, respectively, these are aligned by rotating either drape 102 or arm 202 into alignment. In the embodiment shown, flange 210 is affixed to clamp 204 and tool 108, so alignment can be carried out using only indexing elements 218. Other indexing elements can be provided within clamp 204, such as indexing elements 220, shown in FIG. 20 . If clamp 204 were not affixed to tool 208, indexing elements 218 of flange 210 would be aligned within clamp 204 to be aligned with indexing elements 218 of flange 206 and any indexing elements of clamp 204. Once all components are aligned, clamp 204 can be tightened over band 104.

Electrical

To perform power and data transfer, the ExcelsiusGPS, for example, uses a pair of wireless charging coils (not shown) for power transfer and communication. One coil is positioned in arm 202 adjacent flange 206, and the other coil is positioned in tool 208 proximate flange 210, whereby power can be transferred by induction through both the drape material and an air gap between tool 208 and arm 202.

In the ExcelsiusGPS, communication is unidirectional, from tool 208 to arm 202, and is achieved by modulating the power level (load) of the charging coil of the tool. For instance, tool 208 sends data signals by changing the load to define specific time periods, each indicating a different status condition. These periods include, for example, a period of 66 ms to indicate ‘end-effector connected’, 90 ms for ‘tool inserted’, and 110 ms for ‘error state’.

The aforedescribed data and power transfer methods adequately meet existing requirements, but it is desired to be able to bidirectionally transfer information at a higher bandwidth, and with increased power transfer efficiency, each of which are addressed by the instant disclosure.

Further, while the aforedescribed bandwidth and power efficiency challenges are described in the context of the ExcelsiusGPS, it is attendant to other models and brands of robotic arm configurations, and electrical equipment that is not robotic but includes similar requirements with respect to draping. This disclosure is intended to address such problem in any configuration where a tool portion inside a sterile field must be mechanically attached to another tool portion that is intended to remain outside the sterile field, and whether or not there is a requirement to transfer an electrical signal through a drape.

More particularly, in accordance with the disclosure, electronic communication and optionally power are transmitted through drape 102 using capacitive coupling. Coupling region 114 of drape 102 functions as a dielectric, separating capacitive elements disposed upon either side of coupling region 114 that are associated with tool 208 and arm 202. In this manner, communication and energy transfer take place through drape 102, without requiring an opening in drape 102, preserving the sterile field created by drape 102.

Similar in some respects to electromagnetic induction, capacitively coupled signaling uses metallic plates and an interposed dielectric. In accordance with the disclosure, drape 102 functions as the dielectric, and an electrical connection is thereby established in order to accomplish the transmission of data. By nature, capacitive connections provide the ability to transfer data faster than electromagnetic induction. In addition, increasing the number of metal plate pairs can enable a corresponding increase in data or power throughput. Each plate pair enables a separate bidirectional communication path, and individually or collectively, the pairs eliminate a requirement that the end-effector modulate an inductive load in order to communicate when using magnetic power induction. In one embodiment, communication is provided by capacitive coupling, and power transfer is accomplished by induction and/or a wired connection to tool 208.

More particularly, with reference to FIGS. 10-12 , a plurality of capacitive plates 116 are positioned on or near flange 206 upon a surface of end face 214. A matching plurality of capacitive plates 118 are positioned adjacent flange 210 either (a) on an end surface 122 of clamp 204A (FIG. 20 ), (b) on an end surface 124 of tool 208 (FIG. 16 ), or (c) an end surface 126 of an intermediate coupling 140 (FIG. 9 , as detailed elsewhere herein). Drape 102 passes between plates 116, 118 when their respective components are clamped together. With respect to surface 122/124/126, either or both of plates 116, 118 can be positioned to extend above, be even with, or be below the surface, determined by optimal transmission efficiency and a desired component fitment. The number of plate 116/118 pairs is selected based upon considerations including the number of desired data streams and total desired bandwidth, the amount of available power, and a desire for redundant data or power streams, as examples.

With reference to FIGS. 13-15 , in an alternative embodiment, contact plates 128 are attached to drape 102, and form a direct electrical connection through drape 102 between plates 116 and 118, when clamp 204 is affixed with drape 102 in position over end face 214. As such, induction or conduction is not needed to transfer data or power, although either could still be used by introducing a dielectric gap. In FIG. 13 , it may be seen that contact plates 128 can pass through drape 102 and be riveted, for example, to form a sterile barrier. Another type of fastening can be used, such as a threaded fastener or clip. Alternatively, an adhesive or other sealer can be used, or can be used together with another fastener as needed to ensure an adequate seal.

In FIG. 14 , contact plates 128 form part of drape 102 and extend from one side surface of drape 102 to the opposite side/surface. For example, a portion of drape can be fabricated with a conductive plastic, or a conductive additive. This portion can be made using 3D printing or can be stamped or welded into place, for example using ultrasonic welding. Contact plates 128 can be positioned to pass through drape 102 and extend above drape 102 (FIG. 13 ), through drape 102 (FIG. 14 ), or below drape 102 (FIG. 15 ).

Still further, a portion of drape 102 can be removed, and a replacement panel 134, indicated for example by a dashed box in FIG. 14 , including contact plates 128 can be inserted. Panel 134 can include band 104, or can attach to band 104. Panel 134 can include band 104 and portions interior to band 104, and can include a strain relieving extension to band 104 which extends away from an interior of band 104. Panel 134 can be ultrasonically welded to the remainder of drape 102, or can be bonded in another way, for example adhesive. Panel 134 can include indicia which define a proper orientation of panel 102 for contact alignment, which can be established prior to clamping. Alternatively, if panel 134 includes band 104, indexing to align contacts can be achieved as explained elsewhere herein. In an embodiment, Panel 134 is attached to an intact portion of drape 102, thereby forming a doubled layer within the band portion and extending over end face 214.

In FIG. 15 , contacts 128 extend through drape 102 or drape panel 134 to pass an electrical signal through drape 102. However, FIG. 15 can alternatively be considered to depict that drape 102 can be provided with affixed capacitive plates which are positioned on only one side of drape 102. Such capacitive plates could in turn form an electrical connection with contacts 116 (FIG. 13 ) and pass a signal through drape 102 by capacitive transmission.

Intermediate Coupler

With reference to FIG. 9 , in an embodiment of the disclosure, an intermediate coupling 140 is positioned between arm 202 and tool 208. An electrical interface between arm 202 and coupling 208 can be carried out by any method described herein between arm 202 and clamp 204 or tool 208, including capacitive, inductive, or direct electrical connection through drape 102. For example, flange 142 can be considered to replace flange 210, or alternatively, coupling 140 can be affixed to clamp 204, as described elsewhere herein for affixing clamp 204 to tool 208, wherein flange 110/142 is not needed and is absent. As drape 102 passes between coupling 140 and arm 202, no additional draping is needed between coupling 140 and tool 208. As such, direct electrical contacts can be provided between coupling 140 and tool 208. Where clamp 204 is affixed to tool 208, the direct electrical contacts would be formed between coupling 140 and clamp 204, or to a portion of tool 208 which extends through an opening 222 in clamp 204.

Coupling 140 enables tool 208 to be detached or replaced while drape 102 remains clamped to arm 202 and undisturbed. More particularly, a medical practitioner can drape arm 202 as described elsewhere herein and in accordance with applicable health procedures. Drape 102 is pulled taught over end face 214 and otherwise indexed as described herein, and coupling 140 is mated and clamped to flange 206. As noted, this clamped interface is a duplication of the interface between tool 208 and arm 202. Likewise, flange 144 at an opposite end 146 of coupling 140 is a duplication of flange 206, whereby tool 208 can connect to flange 144 as it would have to flange 206, with the distinction that electrical contacts between tool 208 and coupling 140 can be by direct contact.

Intermediate coupling 140 accordingly provides for replacement of tool 208 without a requirement of unclamping drape 102, thereby avoiding an increased likelihood of damage to drape 102. Intermediate coupling can be used with a prior art drape 212 with like benefits.

Power Connector

Tool 208 can at times include a device which uses a substantial amount of power, such as a drill. With reference to FIG. 17 , coupling 140 or tool 208 can include output socket 148 which is connected to a power or data signal obtained through the power or data signal passed between connectors or plates 116, 118. By providing output socket 148 upon coupling 140A, accessories can be powered without regards to which tool 208 is currently attached to coupling 140. Output socket 148 is advantageously fabricated using materials and methods which can withstand sterilization by autoclave.

In the embodiment of FIG. 17 , it can be seen that an interface between coupling 140A and tool 208A is different than, for example, the interface shown in FIG. 9 . More particularly, coupling 140A includes a coupling socket 150, and tool 208A includes a tool plug 152. Coupling socket 150 and tool plug 152 provide for a mechanical coupling of tool 208A and coupling 140A, and can be keyed relative to each other for proper indexing. Electrical contacts 154, 156 are provided upon coupling socket 150 and tool plug 152, respectively, and enable direct transfer of power and data between coupling 140A and tool 208A.

Herein, direct contact connections, whether within a plug and socket disclosed herein or via a direct connection form of plates 116, 118, can have the form of pogo pins, conductive springs or spring loaded plates, or other resilient connection, or any other known or hereinafter developed electrical connection. An advantage of a direct electrical connection is more efficient transfer of energy, and in certain cases increased reliability. Quick release, twist lock, push and pull, or other type of convenient connector styles can be used for plug and socket connections.

In an alternative embodiment, as an alternative or supplement to inductive or capacitive coupling for power as described herein, output socket 148 can function as an input socket, into which a cable carrying power and/or data can be plugged. A cable (not shown) having a plug mateable with socket 148, and which is connectable to a source of power and/or data signal, can be separately sterilized to be present within the sterile field. As such, power can be provided directly to tool 208. Likewise, a data signal can optionally be passed bidirectionally through socket 148.

The disclosure provides a tool 208 coupling method which is more secure and stable in terms of both sterility and the transfer of power and communications. As such, the disclosure enables easier use of the robotics system, particularly in terms of wireless instrumentation, with a consistent power connection, and bidirectional communication which is faster and more robust, while reducing or eliminating drape tearing due to clamping. The electrical connections disclosed herein provide for power transfer and communication which ensure consistent performance during medical procedures, which is critical. Additionally, power capacity for instruments, as well as power transfer efficiency, are increased. Moreover, these advantages are realized while eliminating a requirement for long external power or data cables which could otherwise introduce a trip hazard into the OR.

All references cited herein are expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety. There are many different features of the present disclosure and it is contemplated that these features may be used together or separately. Unless mention was made above to the contrary, it should be noted that all of the accompanying drawings are not to scale. Thus, the disclosure should not be limited to any particular combination of features or to a particular application of the disclosure. Further, it should be understood that variations and modifications within scope of the disclosure might occur to those skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains. Accordingly, all expedient modifications readily attainable by one versed in the art from the disclosure set forth herein that are within the scope of the present disclosure are to be included as further embodiments of the present disclosure. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A drape for covering robotic equipment in a medical environment, the robotic equipment having a clamp, an arm, an arm portion having a circular flange defining an end surface and a tool which attaches to the arm portion with the clamp, the drape comprising: an extended drape portion of a first material sized to cover the arm; and a shaped drape portion sized to cover the end surface, the shaped drape portion including a band of second material that is reinforced relative to the first material, the band extending around the circumference of the flange and adapted to be clamped radially inwardly over the circumference of the flange by the clamp; whereby the clamp clamps the band when the clamp clamps the arm portion to the tool such that no part of the extended drape portion is clamped.
 2. The drape of claim 1, the second material reinforced by being the same type of material as the first material, and which is thicker than the first material.
 3. The drape of claim 1, the second material reinforced by being a different type of material that is more resistant to physical deformation than the first material.
 4. The drape of claim 1, the band having at least one indexing region that is shaped to mate with an indexing region of the clamp.
 5. The drape of claim 1, the second material being a dielectric material.
 6. The drape of claim 1, wherein the band is a thermoplastic polyurethane.
 7. The drape of claim 1, the band including a first band portion sized to be pressed by the clamp during clamping, and a second band portion extending away from the first portion to thereby provide strain relief at a transition from the shaped drape portion to the extended drape portion.
 8. The drape of claim 7, the second band portion being tapered.
 9. The drape of claim 1, the shaped drape portion formed separately from the extended drape portion and affixed to the extended drape portion.
 10. The drape of claim 1, the clamp being a v-band type, wherein the flange is shaped to be squeezed by a v-band of the v-band clamp, the band having a loop shape sized to cover the squeezed portion of the flange.
 11. The drape of claim 1, the flange being shaped to be squeezed by the clamp, the band having a loop shape sized to cover the squeezed portion of the flange.
 12. The drape of claim 1, further including a plurality of electrically conductive contacts within the shaped drape portion, the electrically conductive contacts operative to conduct electricity from a first side of the shaped drape portion to a second side of the shaped drape portion opposite to the first side.
 13. The drape of claim 12, the electrically conductive contacts integrally formed within the second material by 3D printing.
 14. The drape of claim 1, further including a plurality of capacitive plates affixed to, positioned within, and on a first side of the shaped drape portion.
 15. The drape of claim 1, the shaped drape portion including electrically conductive contacts.
 16. A drape for covering robotic equipment in a medical environment, the robotic equipment having a clamp, an arm, an arm portion having a circular flange defining an end surface with the flange having an indexing shape and a tool which attaches to the arm portion with the clamp, the clamp including an indexing shape corresponding to the indexing shape of the flange, the drape comprising: an extended drape portion of a first material sized to cover the arm; and a shaped drape portion sized to cover the end surface, the shaped drape portion including a band of second material that is at least one of thicker than the first material and a different material than the first material whereby the second material is reinforced relative to the first material, the band extending around the circumference of the flange and adapted to be clamped radially inwardly over the circumference of the flange by the clamp, the band having an indexing shape which corresponds to the indexing shape of the flange; whereby the clamp clamps the band when the clamp clamps the arm portion to the tool such that no part of the extended drape portion is clamped.
 17. The drape of claim 16, further including a plurality of electrically conductive contacts within the shaped drape portion, the electrically conductive contacts operative to conduct electricity from a first side of the shaped drape portion to a second side of the shaped drape portion opposite to the first side.
 18. A method of draping robotic equipment in a medical environment for sterility, the robotic equipment having a clamp, an arm and an arm portion having a circular flange defining an end surface and a tool which attaches to the arm portion with the clamp, the method comprising: providing a drape having: an extended drape portion of a first material sized to cover the arm; and a shaped drape portion sized to cover the arm end surface, the shaped drape portion including a band of second material that is reinforced relative to the first material, the band extending around the circumference of the flange and adapted to be clamped radially inwardly over the circumference of the flange by the clamp; whereby the clamp clamps the band when the clamp clamps the arm portion to the tool such that no part of the extended drape portion is clamped.
 19. The method of claim 18, further including providing an intermediate coupling which is sized and dimensioned on a first end to be clampable to the arm with the drape passing between the intermediate coupling and the arm, the intermediate coupling having a second end sized and dimensioned to be clampable to the tool; whereby the tool can be attached to the robotic equipment without a requirement of unclamping the drape.
 20. The method of claim 18, the clamp having an indexing region, the band having an indexing region corresponding to the indexing region of the clamp. 